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Súhrn/Summary: Antibiotics are natural compounds produced by various groups of microorganisms. The genus Penicillium, Streptomyces, Actinomycetes and Bacillus are the main microbial producers of antibiotics. Antibiotics are used for treatment of human and animal bacterial infections in all the world. Resistance of them can be intrinsic or acquired. Lowered sensibility of bacteria to antibiotics is encoded in several genes, many of which are transferred between bacteria. In the experin1etnal part of monography was tested the antibiotic resistance of bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae family. At the conclusion is detected the antibiotic resistance of other bacterial family. The bacte1ia were isolated from samples of cow milk and butter. In many cases were isolated mainly Klebsiella oxytoca, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas putida, which do not belong to Enterobacteriaceae family. There were isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum from Lactobacillaceae family. The highest number of coliform bacte1ia was 4.84 log KTJ/g in the sample of butter from domestic livestock and the lowest number was 1.70 log KTJ/m1 in the sample of milk from a store. Likewise, the highest number of lactobacilli was 4.42 log KTJ/g in the sample of butter from domestic livestock and the lowest amount was 1.70 log KTJ/ml in the sample of milk from a store. The modern and rapid MALDI-TOF MS biotyper method for identification of the acquired species was used. Disc diffusion method for testiI1g the antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and other bacterial family was applied. Quantitative method called E-test for Lactobacillus had been used. The tables of diameters were obtau1ed from EUCAST Clinica. We complemented the missing data from Atlas (1997). For testiI1g the antibiotic resistance were used doripenem and unipenem from carbapenem antibiotics family and ampicillin from the penicillin antibiotics family. We used gentamicin and amikacin from aminoglycosidesand ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin from fluorochinolonswere. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Some of tested antibiotics resistance were detected. To ampicillin, doripenem and ofloxacin we obse1ved up to 100 % resistance of the isolates. Not bacteria resistance was detected to amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Test of antibiotic resistance it is necessary to test, because of u1creasing number of bacte1ia with resistance of commonly used antibiotics.

Kľúčové slová/Keywords: mlieko, mliečne výrobky, enterobaktérie, laktobacily, rezistencia voči antibiotikám, rezistencia voči antimikrobiálnym látkam; milk, dairy products, enterobateria, lactobacilly, resistance to antibiotics, resistance to antimicrobial compounds

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