The Evaluation of the Milling Quality of Spelt Wheat (Triticum spelta L.)

Tatiana BOJŇANSKÁ, Helena FRANČÁKOVÁ, Magdaléna LACKO-BARTOŠOVÁ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(3 tab., 5 ill., 16 ref.)

    Over 1998-2000, five cultivars of Triticum spelta L. (Rouquin, Baulander Spelz, Schwabenkorn, Franckenkorn, Holstenkorn) were cultivated in the ecological way and analysed for milling and trade qualities according to the requirements for common wheat moisture. Results were evaluated and statistically processed. The most important parameters of milling quality were: a year of growing which statistically significantly influenced a portion of husk (lowest in 1998: 20.2%), ash content (lowest in 1998), thousand-grain weight (statistically significantly lowest in 2000: 30g), and a portion of different size fractions of grains (statistically significant differences between the years of growing). The highest portion of sieve residue on the sieves with meshes of 2.5 mm and 2.8 mm was found in 1998 (73.5%) and the lowest one in the year 2000 (21.9 %). Based on the results, the cultivar itself was not so much a cause for variability, compared to the year of growing. The highest portion of grains hulled involuntarily during harvest was observed for Holstenkorn (47.9%), the smallest for Schwabenkorn (22.3%). The highest portion of sieve residue on the 2.5mm+2.8mm sieves was noted for Baulander Spelz (57.2%). In terms of milling quality, the weather conditions of the year 1998 were best for Triticum spelta L. cultivation

Key words: spelt wheat, Triticum spelta L., milling quality, sieve analysis


Adress: Ing. Tatiana Bojňanská, Dept. of Storing and Processing of Plant Products, Slovak Agricutlural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
tel.: +421-37-6508 703; e-mail:Tatiana.Bojnanska@uniag.sk

Sensory Analysis of Cheese and Curds from Mliekospol a.s. Nove Zamky

Eva JÓŽEFFIOVÁ, Vojtech HORČIN   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(3 tab., 9 obr., 15 ref.)

    The aim of the experiment was to evaluate general sensory quality of selected dairy products. These were the products supplied by Mliekospol a.s. Nove Zamky: steamed cheese Mozzarella, salt cheese Akawi, lumped cheese, cheeses spread Special and Zamcan, and three sorts of curd - gentle, soft and fat. In order to get more complete results of quality, three methods of sensory analysis - difference, scale and profile - and five tests were used for evaluating these milk products. All of the assessed cheeses and curds had high sensory quality and optimal texture quality, which also preserved throughout the storage. According to taste, Mozzarella, Special and Zamcan cheeses were best, while Akawi cheese was evaluated like very salt. Curds had the most expresive smell, but also unwanted ingredients of taste - bitter and acid taste - were detected, especially in gentle and fat curds

Key words: sensory evaluation, cheese, curds, flavour, quality


Adress: Ing. Eva Jóžeffiová, Katedra skladovania a spracovania rastlinných produktov, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, tel.:+421-37-650 8770

Qualitative Appreciation of Ichtyofauna of the Upper River Turiec above the Protected Area of Occurence of Hutchen

Ivan STRÁŇAI, Jaroslav ANDREJI   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(3 tab., 6 ref.)

    Ichtyological research was held on 29-30 May 2000 at 8 localities of the Turiec river (Central Slovakia), above the protected huchen area, against the tide. A lenght of 932 m was fished out altogether, representing 2.4% of the total examined lenght of 38.4 km. In the investigated section of the turiec river were detected 20 fish species belonging to 9 families (Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Esocidae, Salmonidae, Thymallidae, Gadidae, Cottidae and Percidae) and one representative of Cyclostomata (Petromyzontidae). As for ecological characteristics of ichtyofauna, the above fish species were examinated in terms of the classification by feeding claims, reproduction, stream relationship, migration, and economic importance, and protection according to IUCN classification

Key words: Turiec river, ichtyofauna, ichtyomass, fish groups, IUCN


Adress: Doc. Ing. Ivan Stráňai, Katedra hydinárstva a malých hospodárskych zvierat, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
tel.: +421-37-650 8870; e-mail:Ivan.Stranai@uniag.sk

The Effect of Urea Additive on the Fermentation Process of Ensilaged Sugar Beet Pulp

Petr DOLEŽAL, Daniel BÍRO   (Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic)
Paper is in English
(1 tab., 2 ill., 21 ref.)

    In the present study, the effect of urea added to pressed sugar beet pulps on the quality of the ensilage fermentation process were investigated and compared with the non-treated control. In the ammonia-treated silage, insignificantly higher contents of dry matter and pH but significantly higher ammonia content (by 36.6%) were determined, as compared to the control. The ammonia-treated silage contained statistically insignificantly (P more than or equal 0.05) lower contents of LA and volatile fatty acids AA and PA, and insignificantly higher (P more than or equal 0.05) content of butyric acid (31.86 : 28.08). The undesirable butyric acid (BA) made the portion of 53.08 % in the urea-treated silage and that of 46.82% in the control. An LA/VFA ratio was very low (less than 1) in both types of silage. The silage quality was evaluated to be unsatisfactory. In the ammonia-treated silage, significantly higher content of crude protein (by 49.9%) and lower crude fibre content (215.22 : 205.445 g/kg DM) over those in the control silage were detected. As to the influence of urea additive on acidification rate in ensilaged sugar beet pulp, it caused a delay of 12 days in pH value and a decrease in titrating acidity

Key words: urea, sugar beet pulp, fermentation, silage


Adress: MVDr. Ing. Petr Doležal, Ústav výživy a krmení hospodářských zvířat, Mendelova zemědělská a lesn. univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic
tel.: +42-5-45 13 31 63

Virulence of Populations and Clones of Pyrenophora teres Drechs. in a Set of Differential Barley Genotypes

Bernard VANČO   (Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 12 ref.)

    In a period 1999-2001, virulences were studied of the populations and clones of Pyrenophora teres Drechs., isolated from var?ous infected leaves of spring barley collected in the territory of West (Borovce) and East (Maly Saris) Slovakia. There were mostly statistically significant or highly significant differences in virulence (infection type) among the isolates (five clones and one population) of every leaf. The clones with maximum virulence value within a set of differential barley genotypes were suppressed within the populations from which they originated. Virulence of the original population approached the average virulence of 5 clones. The correlation of average infection types of the 16 tested barley genotypes between years in both localities as well as between these localities in different years was found to be positive and mostly statistically significant in all cases. The results achieved indicate a possibility of using not only the clones and their mixtures but also their populations and sub-populations in breeding spring barley for resistance to Pyrenophora teres Drechs.

Key words: Pyrenophora teres Drechs., virulence, populations suppresion


Adress: Ing. Bernard Vančo, Výskumný ústav rastlinnej výroby, Bratislavská cesta 122, 621 68 Piešťany
tel.: +421-33-772 23 11

The Influence of Soil Tillage and Fertilization on Yield Forming (Crop Structure) of triticum durum L.

Štefan DUPĽÁK, Mária KARABÍNOVÁ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(6 tab., 14 ref.)

    The effects of different fertilization treatments and soil tillage methods together with meteorological conditions of year on forming the yield of grain in two cultivars of durum wheat (Vendur, Istrodur) were investigated within field polyfactor trials in the experimental centre of the Slovak Agricultural University at Dolna Malanta in 1999-2000. Four treatments of fertilization were ( A -unfertilized control, B - 8ON : 18P : 74K (172 kg NPK/ha), C-120N,18P,74K (212 kg NPK/ha, and D-120N,18P,74K (212 kg NPK/ha) - an amount of easily hydrolysable nitrogen present in the soil (at production fertilization) being considered in treatment D) and three methods of soil tillage were used ( Aploughed under stubble, B-without ploughed under stubble, C - disc harrow+tiller without ploughed under stubble-economy tillage). The trials were established on a small plot area using a method of divided blocks. Tillage and fertilization were highly significant sources of variability whilst year and a number of replications were found to be insignificant in both cultivars. The number of ears and of productive shoots per square m can be considered as a factor that influenced yield per area unit in both cultivars through the positive, highly significant correlation relationship. In the Vendur variety, fertilization had the high significant effect only on thousand-kernel weight, but in the Istrodur cultivar, it influenced highly significantly a weight of grain in ear and significantly a number of productive shoots, of ears and of grain per square m. As far as soil cultivation is concerned, in Vendur it influenced significantly only a weight of grain in ear and thousand-kernel weight. However, in Istrodur it exerted the high significant influence on a number of grain in ear, a weight of grain in ear, and thousand-kernel weight, and it also affected significantly a number of productive shoots, of years and of grain per square m

Key words: Triticum durum L., fertilization treatments, soil tillage, yield of grain, yield-forming elements


Adress: Ing. Štefan Dupľák, Katedra rastlinnej výroby, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
tel.: +421-37-650 8210; e-mail:Stefan.Duplak@uniag.sk