The epigenetic induction of variability of morphological and molecular characters of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Katarína HRUBÍKOVÁ, Milan BEŽO, Henrieta KNOBLOCHOVÁ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(4 ill., 22 ref)
An extension of biological variability of the plant genom makes
if possible to create new biological materials with modified
genetic performance. Such a biological material can be used in
a breeding program or in the next research. The epigenetic
heredity or the epigenetic control of the genes activity is a
sphere of the intense research into molecular biology and
genetics. The epigenetic phenomenon analysis extends the
theoretical knowledge of hereditz and organism variation and
creafes assumptions for using these data in cultivation and
breeding of plants. The purpose of the study reported here was
to analyze changes in the conditions of an implementation of
genetic information in cell depending on the acting time of
ultrasound. These changes were assessed on the basis of
morphological traits (evaluation of phenotypic variation by
description) and molecular characters (analysis of
electrophoretic separation of storage proteins). Variation in
the morphogenic processes of pea plants was conditioned not
only by genetic but also by epigenetic factors (ultrasound).
Ultrasound breaks intercellular interactions due to its
self-cleavage effect, thus enabling to stimulate separation of
meristematic cells, which resulted in multiple sheet
formation. The polymorphism analysis of pea storage proteins
indicated that the action of ultrasound has the breaking
effect on the protein structure
Key words: epigenetic factors, ultrasound, electrophoresis of storage proteins, pea
AGROVOC descriptors: pisum sativum; induced mutation; morphogenesis; biological development
; biological properties; storage proteins; electrophoresis; ultrasonics
Adress: Ing. Katarína Hrubíková, PhD., Dept. of Plant Physiology, Fac. of Agronomy, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra,
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, tel. +421-87-6508 454, e-mail:hrubikov@afnet.uniag.sk
Studies on the embryology of the grasshoper Chrotogonus lugubris Blanchard (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pyrgomorphidae). III. Organogeny
Khaled Mohamed Abdel RAHMAN (Entomol. Dept., Fac. Sci., Cairo University, Egypt)
Paper is in English
(14 ill., 30 ref.)
Organogeny of Chrotogonus lugubnis Blanchard (Orthoptera) was
studied. The alimentary canal was formed by ectodermal
invaginations representing the stomodaeal (21.25%D) and
proctodaeal (23.21%D) invaginations. During development, their
ends came to impinge each upon a mesodermal mass representing
the mesenteron rudiments which became better defined in stage
61.87%D. Malpighian tubes appeared by stage 58.8 as six
ectodermal outgrowths from the prctodaeal invagiation. The
salivary glands arose as a pair of ectodermal invagiations at
the base of the labium rear the developing hypopharynx in
stage 59.68%D. Neuroblasts appeared in stage 23.21%D and
formed two lateral strands. They gave rise to the ganglionic
cells, and later, the commissures and connectives appeared.
Neurobtasts were then degenerated and disappeared through
stages 61.87-70.33%D. The cardioblasts appeared in stage
36.01%D, forming two lateral strands from the labial to the
tenth abdominal segment. The heart was formed by stage 59.68%D
as these strands were pushed upward by the dorsal growth of
the somatic mesoderm forming a tube represents the hearth. The
aorta developed from the walls of the antennal coelomic sacs.
The tracheal system developed by ectodermal invaginations in
stage 36.01%D. The reproductive organs developed from the
genital cells in stage 36.01%D. They gave rise to a gonad
rudiment on each side of the embryo
Key words: embryogenesis, grasshoppers, Acrididae, locusts
AGROVOC descriptors: Acrididae; embryonic development; organogenesis
Adress: Khaled M. Abdel Rahman, Fac. Sci., Entomol. Dept., Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Occurence and life history of Lixus subtilis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing on Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Amaranthus caudatus L. in Slovakia
Monika VRÁBLOVÁ, Peter TÓTH, Ľudovít CAGÁŇ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(2 tab., 32 ref.)
In the period 1995 to 1998, field surveys were corducted to
determire the incidence of curculionid beetles associated with
Amaranthus retroflexus L in Slovakia. Of the 24 species
collected, Lixus subtilis Boheman was found to occur regularly
at most of localities. This species was usual in the warmest
regions in the south of Slovakia, but it was not available in
the central and northern parts of Slovakia where climate is
cold. L. subtilis was not detected in sugar beet plants and
this insect did not damage sugar beet at the locality
Nitra-Malanta in south-western Slovakia. At this locality, L.
subtilis did a regular damage to weed A. retroflexus plants
and cultivated Amaranthus caudatus L. L. subtilis started egg
laying in the first week of June and most of the larvae
developed in the stem from mid-June until the end of July.
Larvae bored through the stem tissue towards the apical end of
the plant. Pupation continued inside the stem from the
beginning of August. The first L. subtilis adults developing
on A. retroflexus plants emerged in the second half of August.
Newly emerged adults made an oval exit hole, through which
they left the stem. Total preimaginal stage of the weevil
lasted roughly two months and a half. Parasitization of the
weevil larvae by Scambus detritus (Holmgren) (Ichneumonidae)
was more than 50%.
Key words: Amaranthus spp., Lixus subtilis, biological control, weeds, Curculionidae
AGROVOC descriptors: Lixus; Amaranthus; insect nematodes; natural enemies; insect control
; pests; Slovak Republic
Adress: Ing. Monika Vráblová, Katedra trvalo udržateľného rozvoja, Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva, Slovenská poľnohospodárska
univerzita v Nitre, Mariánska 10, 949 01 Nitra, tel. +421-87-6526 637, e-mail:vrablova@sai.uniag.sk
Syrphidocoenoses (Sirphidae, Diptera) of some non-crop habitats of Nitra District
Adriana KRÁLIKOVÁ, Alena RAKOVSKÁ, Jaroslav NOSKOVIČ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 1 ill., 31 ref.)
The paper presents the results of the research on hovenflies in
the 11 habitat types situated in 44 localities around
agrocoenoses of Nitra District. During research 581 hoverly
individuals belonging to 28 species were obtained by
individual catching and sweeping. Out of them 16 species
belong to a trophic group of aphidophagous. Episurphus
balteatus (De Geer, 1776) and Melanostoma mellinum L.(1758)
were the most distributed ones from this group. These species
have the highest values of constancy and repeated high
eudominant and dominant abundance in the followirg habitats:
dammed lakes with phragmites and typha plants, oak-hornbeam
woods, oak-cerri woods and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations.
These habitats can serve as possible refuges of the occurence
of E. balteatus and M. mellinum. They can spread from these
habitats info surrounding agrocoenoses and affect there as
biocontrolling agents of aphid and pollinators
Key words: hoverflies, habitat types, constance, dominance, Nitra Distric
AGROVOC descriptors: Syrphidae; habitats; biotopes; Slovak Republic
Adress: RNDr. Adriana Kláliková, CSc., Katedra ochrany životného prostredia a zoológie, Agronomická fakulta,
Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, e-mail:kralikov@uniag.sk
Weight variability of a root system of some grasses and an assortment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)
Norbert GÁBORČÍK, Jana MARTINCOVÁ, Ľubomír GONDA (Vyskumny ustav travnych porastov a horskeho poľnohospodárstva, Banská Bystrica)
Paper is in Slovak
(2 tab., 1 ill., 14 ref.)
Two pot experiments were carried out to study a variability of
root system and some traits (number of roots, root volume) of
four grass species including 11 cultivars of tall fescue
(Festuca arundinacea Schreb). In experiment 2, root weight and
a chloropohyll concentration a+b in leaves of 50 tall fescue
cultivars was investigated. Cocks foot (Dactylis glomerata L.)
was characteriyed as the species with the smallest root weight
and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as that with the
highest root weight, which corresponds to a narrower root :
shoot ratio (R:S). In the case of tall fescue and perrenial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L), this value was close to 1.00.
There was a great variabitity of root weight in both of the
studied assortments of tall fescue cultivars. In experiment 1,
the root weight varied between 0.208 and 0.643 g per plant and
in experiment 2 from 0.211 to 0.560 g per plant. The
cultivars, both with high and low root weight, may produce a
different shoot weight. The different system of assimilate
disttibution between shoot and root system may be related to
cultivars persistence. A strong correlation (r=0.7206+) was
found between root weight and chlorophyll concentrations a+b
in leaves of tall fescue
Key words: grasses, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea, cultivars, chlorophyll, root
AGROVOC descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; varieties; roots; root systems; length;
weight
Adress: doc. Ing. Norbert Gáborčík, CSc., Výskumný ústav trávnych porastov a horského poľnohospodárstva, Mládežnícka 36, 974 21 Banská Bystrica, fax: +421-88-73 25 44