Seasonal Dynamics of Deerfly (Hypoderma actaton Bauer, 1858) and Roebuckfly (Hypoderma diana Bauer, 1858) in Slovakia

Gustáv BUČEK   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(5 ill., 9 ref.)

    According to our observations in 1995-1999, the occurance of deerfly (Hypoderma actaeon Brauer, 1858) together with roebuckfly (Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858) is possible in some years, which contributes to higher parasite infection of the deer game. The deerfly usually begins flying at a temperature of 21-22 °C, even at 17-18 °C sometimes. Its peak flight period can start one week or 10 days sooner. Unlike Hypoderma diana, Hypoderma actaeon can be found in the locations further from the forest edge, usually keeping the exact borders of the area of its habitat. Hypoderma actaeon sits not only on apical tansy leaves, but also on Rubus fructicosus L. agg., Trifolium medium, grass (stalks) and rarely on Amaranthus sp. L. (blossom's). The maximum occurrence of Hypoderma actaeon was observed twice, in 1998 and 1999.

Key words: deerfly (Hypoderma actaeon), roebuckfly (Hypoderma diana), seasonal dynamics, daily dynamics, south-west Slovakia


Adress: Ing. Gustáv Buček, Katedra ochrany životného prostredia a zoológie, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-87-6508 420

Genetic Variability of Fishes in the Family Cyprinidae as Evaluated by Genetic Polymorphism of Blood Proteins

Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Alojz KÚBEK, Július ŽITNÝ, Eva STRAPÁKOVÁ, Ivan STRÁŇAI   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(3 tabl., 1 ill., 13 ref.)

    Based on genetic polymorphism of blood proteins, genetic varability was studied of 5 fish species in the family Cyprinidae: carp (Cyprinus carpio), tench (Tinca tinca), bream (Abrains brama), chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and barbel (Barbus barbus). In the blood of all tested species was detected a genetic polymorphism of transferrin, albumine, prealbumine1, prealbumine2, malatdehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase. Within the systems of cerulopasmine and amylase, the tested species were found to be monomorphous. The highest level of polymorphism was observed in the loci of transferrin in all tested species. In particular, the carp had a number of effective alleles of 4.2571. The populations of bream (Abramis brama), tench (Tinca tinca) and barbel (Barbus barbus) showed lower heterozygosity (0.3642-0.3964) and higher level of inbreeding population (0.0324-0.1348). It has been confirmed there is a significant genetic distance between species due to differencies in the level of polymorphness of loci and total genetic variability. The highest genetic distance (2.1564) was between barbel and tench. Relatively the highest genetic simmilarity was detected between the populations of carp and bream, with the index of genetic similarity of 0.6829.

Key words: fish, polymorphism, blood proteins, genetic bariability


Adress: doc. Ing. Anna Trakovická, CSc., Katedra genetiky a plemenárskej biológie, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-37-650 8285

Evaluation of Milkability of Slovak Spotted Cattle

Klára VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, Peter STRAPÁK, Ondrej DEBRECÉNI, Daniel BÍRO, Marko HALO   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 1 ill., 12 ref.)

    The parameters of milkability of Slovak Spotted dairy cows during the first lactation were evaluated. The experiment included 1,362 cows. According to average milk yield per minute, the highest percentage of dairy cows (34.3 %) was found to be in an interval from 1.0 to 1.25 kg of milk, 28.3% in an interval of 1.25 - 1.5 kg of milk/min and 0.62 % over 3.0 kg milk. Average milk yield per minute of cows as a group was 1.37 kg milk/min. Dairy cows raised within protected breeding showed the average milk yield of 1.46 kg per minute, total milk yield being 6.89 kg. There was tne correlation r=0.092 between average milk yield per minute and relative milk yield per three minutes RV₃ (an indicator of milkability used up to now) r=0.896 between average milk yield per minute and milk yield per three minutes, and r=0.509 between average milk yield per minute and milk yield in observed lactation. The correlation between RV₃ and milk yield per three minutes and between RV₃ and milk yield during lactation was r=0.04 and r=-0.137, respectively.

Key words: Slovak Spotted cattle, milkability, average milk yield, milk yield


Adress: ing. Klára Vavrišínová, CSc., Katedra špeciálnej zootechniky, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-37-6508 800, e-mail:vavrisin@afnet.uniag.sk

Evaluation of Selected Traits of Sire Dams of Slovak Spotted Cattle

Peter STRAPÁK, Daniel BÍRO, Marko HALO, Klára VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, Peter JUHÁS, Ondrej DEBRECÉNI   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(5 tab., 20 ref)

    Milk efficiency, milkability and conformation of 611 sire dams of the Slovak Spotted breed of cattle were evaluated on 26 farms. In terms of a blood ratio and classification to particular parts of the herdbook, 422 dams were rated as S0 group (purebred and with a blood ratio improving breeds up to 2.5 % ), 97 dams as S1 group (a blood ratio of improving breeds up to 25 % ) and 92 dams as S2 group (a blood ratio of improving breeds up to 50 %). From the point of view of milk effciency, the average milk yield by selected dams in whole milking period was 5253.06 kg milk (s = 7452) with a 4,24% fat content and a 335% protein content. During maximum lactation, dams produced 6,185 kg milk on average (S = 993.18) containing 4.31 and 3.36 % of fat and protein, respectively (226.28 and 207.46kg, respectively). Evaluation of milkability traits revealed a maximum milk yield per minute of 3.13 kg , a relative milk yield per three minutes of 84.1 % and an udder index of 49.2% in 103 dams. The above mentioned levels exceed standards specified in the breeding goal and markedly overrun average levels in Slovak Spotted breed of cattle. From assessing conformation traits it follows that dams in the first lactation reached a mean stature of 137.95 cm, a body length of 87.16 cm and a heart girth of 199.5cm. As far as primary traits are concerned, there was a mean score of 6.22 for body frame, 5.79 for muscularity, 5.8 for legs, 5.95 for udder and 8.34 for udder quality. In comparison with all Slovak Spotted cattle population dams achieved higher levels in body measumerents as well as an average score of primary conformation traits. The results indicate strictness of selection based on forming conformation, with emphasis on body frame, legs and udder shape.

Key words: cattle, sire dams, milk, milkability, conformation


Adress: doc. Ing. Peter Strapák, CSc., Katedra špeciálnej zootechniky, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-37-6508 806, e-mail:strapak@afnet.uniag.sk

Low pH Tolerance and Symbiotic Effectiveness of Sinorhizobium Meliloti

Natália FARAGOVÁ, Martin UŽÍK, Pavol HAUPTVOGEL   (Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany)
Paper is in English
(2 ill., 17 ref.)

    Selected strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti were tested for tolerance to low pH in laboratory conditions on artificial nutrient media. The method used proved to be suitable for fast-growing rhizobial strains. Two synthetic populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) derived from four cycles of recurrent selection for improved N₂-fixing ability and nitrogenase activity, named FIX1 and FIX2, were inoculated with selected rhizobial strains. The nodulation ability of the two populations was assessed in the conditions of a low pH value of soil. The FIX1 population showed a 22% increase in shoot biomass and a 32% increase in root biomass in comparison to the control variety Vali, when inoculated with the strain 4T5 tolerant to low pH.

Key words: alfalfa, low pH tolerance, nodulation, Sinorhizobium meliloti


Adress: Ing. Natália Faragová, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-33-772 23 11, e-mail:faragova@vurv.sk

The Nitrogen Utilization by Spring Barley and the Balance of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Václav HEJNÁK, Hans LIPPOLD, František HNILIČKA, Vratislav NOVÁK   (Czech University of Agriculture, Prague)
Paper is in English
(4 tab., 16 ref.)

    Micro-plot trials on two soil kinds (strongly acid and neutral) were performed to study the utilization of nitrogen by the spring barley variety Jubilant and the balance of nitrogen after application of ¹⁵N in the form of ammonium sulphate with a 25 % enrichment. Four rates (0, 85,170 and 255 mg N per pot, i.e. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha respectively) were applied. An uptake by spring barley aboveground biomass of nitrogen at the time of harvest was dependent statistically significantly on a soil pH level. The old nitrogen reserve in soil was of decisive importance to the formation of spring barley yield. Its share in the total uptake of nitrogen ranged from 97 to 89 %, being almost identical both in neutral and strongly acid soils. Nitrogen fertilization leads to an increased uptake by plants of soil nitrogen. This "priming effect" was high in neutral soil (a 25-40 % increase in soil nitrogen uptake) but zero or poor in strongly acid soil (a 0-10 % increase). The balance of fertilizer nitrogen in soil - plant system indicates that 39-44 % of the rate applied in neutral soil was used by spring barley within 2 years, 27-37 % remained in soil and 23-31 % of nitrogen fertilizer was not found. In strongly acid soil, the utilization of nitrogen was low: 24-28 % was used by plants, 13-15 % was left in soil and 59-61 % was not found.

Key words: spring barley, soil pH, nitrogen, fertilization, nitrogen balance


Adress: Ing. Václav Hejnák, PhD., Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Karnýcka 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech republic, tel. +420-2-24 38 25, e-mail:hejnak@af.czu.cz

Content of Inorganic Nitrogen in Soil under Monoculture of Maize depending on Different Tillage and Fertilization

Peter ONDRIŠÍK, Soňa JAVOREKOVÁ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 28 ref.)

    In 1999-2000, a stationary field experiment on Ortic Luvisol was performed to investigate the effect of different soil cultivation and harvest residues of maize on inorganic nitrogen content in soil under monoculture of maize. The weather conditions during the growing season, in the interaction with other factors and agrotechnical interventions, had the most decisive effect on a level of inorganic nitrogen in soil. Basic soil treatment had no statistically significant influence on the changes in inorganic nitrogen content. Ploughing down of crop residues of maize stalks was reflected in a slight increase of inorganic nitrogen. This rise was not statistically significant.

Key words: soil treatment, monoculture, crop residues, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen


Adress: Peter Ondrišík, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, e-mail:ondrisik@afnet.uniag.sk