Induction of systemic acquired resistance to potato virus (PVY) in potato
in vitro plantles by cultivation on medium supplemented with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and identification of PR-proteins in sprouts of tuber progeny
Ján HELDÁK, Milan BEŽO (Potato Research and Breeding Institute, Velka Lomnica)
Paper is in English
(3 tables, 1 ill., 23 ref.)
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was induced in two potato
varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) with a different resistance
to potato virus Y (PVY) under in vitro conditions.
Pathogenesis related proteins (PR-proteins) were formed in
potato in vitro plants cultivated on the media supplemented
with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA). Electrophoresis in
polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) revealed that no changes occured
after PVY infection and DBA treatment in the pattern of the
protein fractions isolated from the leaves of in vitro
plantlets of the variety Boda with an extreme resistence to
PVY. Differences were found in the electrophoretic patterns of
protein fractions of the susceptible variety Lipta. An
increased intensity of peroxidase isozyme bands was observed
in in vitro plantlets after infection, but their patterns
showed no changes. The relative PVY concentration decreased in
the plantlets with induced SAR under in vitro conditions after
28 days of cultivation. Differences in the intensity of
protein fraction bands were also observed in extracts of
sprouts of potato tubers derived from in vitro plantlets with
induced SAP
Key words:systemic acquired resistance, Solanum tuberosum, PR-proteins, isozymes of peroxidase
AGROVOC descriptors:SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; POTATO Y POTYVIRUS; ACQUIRED CHARACTERS;
DISEASE RESISTANCE; INDUCED RESISTANCE; PEROXIDASES;
ISOENZYMES
Adress:Ján Heldák, Potato Research and Breeding Institute, Popradská 518, 059 52 Veľká Lomnica, Slovak Republic;
e-mail:heldak@sinet.sk
Maize kernels infestation by Fusarium spp. in the period 1996-1998 in Slovakia
Antónia ŠROBÁROVÁ, Antonio LOGRIECO, Miriam NADUBINSKÁ (Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sci., Ivanka pri Dunaji)
Paper is in English
(2 tables, 5 ill., 15 ref.)
A three-year study on the occurrence of Fusarium ear rot on
maize has revealed a high incidence of the disease in the
maize fields in 21 localities of Slovakia. Contaminated ears
were with obvious macroscopic symptoms (SK - symptomatic
kernels) or without them (AS -asymptomatic kernels).
Productivity of SK was decreased in comparison to AS, measured
as a length of roots and shoots. The serious infestation
occurred in 1998. The severity of infestation is not in linear
relationship to precipitation. The following Fusarium species
in particular cause the disease of maize: F. moniliforme (up
to 36%), F. proliferatum (up to 20%), F. subglutinans (up to
25.2%), F. graminearum (22.4%) and F. anthophyllum (7%). Other
six species were found to occur irregularly at a low
percentage (2-3.5%)
Key words: maize, Fusarium spp., seed, viability, productivity
AGROVOC descriptors: ZEA MAYS; MAIZE; KERNELS; INFESTATION; FUNGAL DISEASES;
Adress: Antónia Šrobárová, Ústav experimentálnej fytopatológie a entomológie SAV, Nádražná 52, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji,
Slovak Republic
Crude protein and lignin content determination in dry matter of green
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) based on its mean stage development
calculation
Pavol SLAMKA, Zuzana ČEREŠŇÁKOVÁ, Oto MALÝ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(3 tables, 1 ill., 11 ref.)
On the basis of morphological analysis of standing alfalfa
sample, mean stage by weight (MSW) was determined. Crude
protein and acid-detergent lignin contents in dry matter of
green alfalfa were calculated by means of predicting equations
where the only independent variable was MSW. The values of
crude protein and lignin contents calculated by morphological
method were comparable with those determined by laboratory
standardized chemical analyses. There was a very close
correlation between the crude protein content determined by
morphological and Kjeldahl method (r=+0.95) and a close
correlation between acid-detergent lignin content determined
by morphological and detergent method (r=+0.78). Statistical
analysis (Student t-test) confirmed zero hypothesis, i.e.
there are not statistically significant differences between
the values determined by morphological and standard laboratory
methods except the case of acid-detergent lignin
Key words: alfalfa, morphological method, mean stage, crude protein, acid-detergent lignin
AGROVOC descriptors: MEDICAGO SATIVA; LUCERNE; CRUDE PROTEIN; LIGNINS; PHENOLOGY;
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT; SEASONAL VARIATION
Adress: Ing. Pavol Slamka, PhD., Katedra agrochémie a výživy rastlín, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita,
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
Influence of temperature on Trichoderma harzianum antagonistic
activity against Microdochium nivale, Fusarium culmorum and F.
equiseti under in vitro conditions
Kamil HUDEC (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(1 table, 2 ill., 23 ref.)
The influence of temperature on Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
(Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes) antagonistic activity against
Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels et Hallet, Fusarium culmorum
(W. G. Sm.) Sacc. and F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc.
(Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes) was evaluated. The experiments
were carried out under laboratory conditions using the method
of dual cultures. Cultures were incubated in the optimal (20
deg C) and low temperature (2 deg C) conditions. The
antagonistic activity of T. harzianum depends significantly on
temperature. In the optimal temperature conditions, the
highest bioagens antagonistic activity was showed against M.
nivale, followed by F. equiseti and F. culmorum. Low
temperatures caused the decreasing activity of F. harzianum,
because bioagens did not grow under these conditions. On the
other side, F. harzianum was able to inhibit the growth of M.
nivale and F. culmorum mycellum, especially in low temperature
conditions. At 20 deg C, the inhibition effect was clearly
demonstrated as a marginal wall of mycelium at the contact
zone of both agens mycelium. The use of Trichoderma was not
effective against psychotolerant Microdochium nivale because
of less bioactivity of Trichoderma in low temperature
conditions
Key words: Trichoderma, Fusarium, antagonistic activity, dual cultures
AGROVOC descriptors: TRICHODERMA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ANTAGONISM; ENTOMOGENOUS
FUNGI; FUSARIUM
Adress: Ing. Kamil Hudec, PhD., Katedra ochrany rastlín, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita,
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; e-mail:khudec@afnet.uniag.sk
Content of inorganic nitrogen forms in green fallow land
Peter ONDRIŠÍK, Lýdia JEDLOVSKÁ, Magda FRIDRICHOVÁ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(3 tables, 13 ref.)
The impact of fallow management on dynamic of inorganic
nitrogen and pH was evaluated in a field experiment
established on Ortic Luvisol covering the period 1998-1999.
The green fallow wasn't 6 years tillaged without a cut. The
trial included following variants of management: 1 - uncut
green fallow, 2 - cut green fallow, the mass was left on the
field, 3 - cut green fallow, the mass was removed from the
field. The samples of soil for analysis were collected from a
0-0.3 m depth. During the growing season (spring, summer and
autumn aspect) the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate
nitrogen and pH were measured. In each treatment the
ammoniacal nitrogen predominated and its share to total
inorganic nitrogen ranged from 69 to 73%. A significant effect
of year was found to be the main factor influencing the
changes of the ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen dynamics in
soil. The way of fallow tillage and the sampling time were not
significant. The mean values of nitrate nitrogen were
influenced by a low value of pH (5.25-5.87)
Key words: green fallow, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, pH
AGROVOC descriptors: CULTIVATION; FALLOW; SOIL MANAGEMENT; SOIL BIOLOGY; NITROGEN
CONTENT; NITRIFICATION
Adress: Ing. Peter Ondrišík, PhD., Katedra ochrany životného prostredia a zoológie, Slovenská
poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; e-mail:ondrisik@afnet.uniag.sk
Use of physiological characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
for screening genotypes tolerant to drought
Katarína OLŠOVSKÁ, Marián BRESTIČ, Jozef HUDEC (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(1 table, 4 ill., 18 ref.)
Stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, leaf water potential,
relative water content, carbon isotope content (gamma 13C)
were evaluated in three ecologically distant barley genotypes
Kompakt (Slovakia), Baronesse (Italy), Tagide (Portugal). The
present study provides the evidence about the role of
heterogeneous stomata closure in maintaining leaf water status
and photosynthesis during post-anthesis drought and the
importance of direct damage to ears architecture by drought
leading to regulation of plant productivity. The physiological
criteria of barley drought tolerance and adaptation on the
level of source of assimilates (photosynthesis, stomata
behaviour) correlated to sink capacity are discussed in this work
Key words: drought tolerance, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, photosynthesis, carbon isotope composition, barley
AGROVOC descriptors: HORDEUM VULGARE; SPRING CROPS; STOMATA; LEAVES; WATER
POTENTIAL; CARBON; ISOTOPES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT
NUTRITION; DROUGHT RESISTANCE
Adress: Ing. Katarína Olšovská, PhD., Dept. of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University,
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; e-mail:olsovska@afnet.uniag.sk
Evaluation of wool production parameters of sheep according to their
average heterozygosity in the polymorphic markers and genetic distance
Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Eva STRAPÁKOVÁ, Alojz KÚBEK (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(5 tables, 8 ref.)
The average heterozygosity and genetic distance of three
commercial sheep herds of Merino x Lincoln crosses was
calculated on the basis of genetic polymorphism in the loci of
haemoglobin (Hb), carbonic anhydrase (Ca), X' protein (X'),
transferrin (Tf), albumin (Al) and ceruloplasmin (Cp). In the
herds having genetic similarity was found a higher average
heterozygosity of 0.4656 and 0.4713 respectively and there
were no statistically significant differences in raw wool
production and the length of wool. In the group with a lower
heterozygosity of 0.3554, the statistically significant lower
raw wool production (4.85 kg vs. 5.05 kg and 5.12 kg
respectively) and the length of the wool (9.18 cm vs. 11.0 cm
and 11.8 cm respectively) were confirmed. The differencies in
wool finneness among the groups were on the low level of
significance and at low variability. The statistically
significant differencies were found among the groups for wool
density signalizing higher influence of the additive gene
effect on this production parameter. In the group of low
heterozygosity there were non-homogenous correlations between
wool length and wool density as well as between wool
production in kg and wool length. In the groups of
heterozygotes were found generally presented tendencies of
correlations. According to the correlation coefficients of
average heterozygosity and production, the significant
positive correlation between wool production and average
heterozygosity (0.9565+++), wool length and average
heterozygosity (0.9862+++) has been confirmed
Key words: sheep, wool production, genetic distance, average heterozygosity
AGROVOC descriptors: SHEEP; GENETIC DISTANCE; HETEROZYGOTES; GENETIC
POLYMORPHISM; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; WOOL PRODUCTION
Adress: doc. Ing. Anna Trakovická, CSc., Katedra genetiky a plemenárskej biológie, Slovenská poľnohospodárska
univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
Meat efficiency of two hybrid groups of pigs
Ivan PAŠKA, Juraj MLYNEK, Mária BULLOVÁ, Stanislav ELIÁŠ (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(6 tables, 12 ref.)
Another experiment in verfication of the final hybrids was
carried out at a farm specializing in pig breeding. Two
combinations were compared: synthetic line x (Pietrain x
Yorkshire) - SL x (Pn x Yo) and Slovak Large White x (Slovak
meat x Pietrain) - Bu x (Sm x Pn). Mothers of the final
hybrids Bu x (Sm x Pn) were from a breeding herd of the
reproduction breeding. Tests were made at the Station of
Fattening and Carcass Value of the Slovak Agricultural
University in Nitra, Slovakia, in 1998 and selected traits of
the meat quality were evaluated. Results showed the market
acceptance for the hybrids of both combinations.
Classifications by EUROP system were mostly in E and U
categories. Only 9% of all animals in Bu x (Sm x Pn) were in R
category. As far as the the structure of carcass side is
concerned, better results were found for Bu x (Sm x Pn)
combination. The animals had 1.63% (55.92%) more lean meat
than SL x (Pn x Yo) combination because of better meat quality
of belly - 11.90 and 12.92%, respectively. In terms of
nutrition, hygienic and technological results, both
combinations achieved good meat quality
Key words: pigs, hybrids, carcasses halves, value, fattening
AGROVOC descriptors: SWINE; HYBRIDS; MEAT PERFORMANCE
Adress: prof. Ing. Ivan Paška, CSc., Katedra špeciálnej zootechniky, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita,
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic