Content of Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Mercury in Selected Meat Products form the Slovak and Czech Republic

Jozef GOLIAN, Marian PAVELKA   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in English
(2 tables, 19 ref.)

    The content of cadmium, lead, copper and mercury in selected meat products made in Slovakia and the Czech Republic was determined. An analysis was carried out of 66 samples of hams, sausages, frankfurters and bacons supplied by Czech and Slovak producers, and the values determined were compared with the highest allowable limit as defined in the Food Codex of the Slovak Republic. In the products of domestic production, mean values of cadmium ranged from 0.00583 mg/kg (hams) to 0.0102 mg/kg (frankfurters), copper from 1.4790 mg/kg (sausages) to 3.2356 mg/kg (frankfurters), mercury from 0.0022 mg/kg (sausages) to 0.0025 mg/kg (hams) and lead from 0.04550 mg/kg (hams) to 0.1039 mg/kg (sausages). In the products of the Czech provenience, mean values of cadmium varied from 0.0104 mg/kg (bacons) to 0.1468 mg/kg (frankfurters), copper from 1.9525 mg/kg (frankfurters) to 3.5125 mg/kg (hams), mercury from 0.0099 mg/kg (bacons) to 0.0191 mg/kg (sausages) and lead from 0.0692 mg/kg (frankfurters, bacons) to 0.1665 mg/kg (sausages). A high content variability in the elements under study was affected by the origin of samples, as they came from different producers. Excess of the highest allowable value was detected for copper in two samples of frankfurters produced in the Slovak Republic. Cadmium level in three frankfurter samples and lead concentration in two samples of sausages from the Czech Republic were higher than the allowable limit.

Key words: cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, meat products


Adress: Dr. Ing. Jozef Golian, Katedra výživy, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, e-mail:Jozef.Golian@uniag.sk

Root Production and Accumulation of White Clover Cultivars

Norbert GÁBORČÍK, Ján TOMAŠKIN   (Technical University, Zvolen)
Paper is in Slovak
(2 tabl., 2 ill., 11 ref.)

    Over three years an intensity of root growth and accumulation of five white clover cultivars (Trifolium repens L.) were investigated in a field experiment (Suchá dolina, an altitude of 450 m above sea level). A mean amount of the accumulated root weight in soil horizont (0-100 mm) varied between 0.336 g/m² to 0.411 g/m² , the differences among studied cultivars being significant (P less than 0.01 ). The following tendency of root accumulation was detected in individual cultivars: GWENA > OLWEN > S-184 > MENNA > SIWAN. The maximum root accumulation was observed in the autumn period. The other maximum, but lower one, was typical of the spring period, with a considerable decrease in root weight in cut 1. A highly significant decline in root accumulation was found in all experimental years. An average daily root weight increment ranged from 0.132 g/m² to 0.226 g/m² in the growth period. A reduction in this parameter was observed, with the order of the cultivars under study as follows: GWENA > OLWEN > S-184 > MENNA > SIWAN. The role of legume root system in the cycle of mineral nutrients and/or organic matters in grassland ecosystem and their influence on soil fertility are discussed.

Key words: white clover, cultivars, root, accumulation, gain, dynamics


Adress: doc. Ing. Norbert Gáborčík, CSc., Fakulta ekológie a environmentalistiky, Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, Kolpašská I. 1738 9/B, 969 00 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic

Charge Characteristics of Orthic Luvisol as Related to Its Mechanical and Chemical Properties

Juraj CHLPÍK   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 3 ill., 20 ref.)

    In Orthic Luvisol typical of a locality called Choča (Zlaté Moravce District) parameters of texture composition, chemical characteristics, humus content and quality and charge parameters (ZPC, delta p, psi o, delta pH) were studied. According to the content of particles less than 0.01 mm, humus horizon (Au-umbric horizon) and parent material were loamy (38.47% and 37.18%, respectively), and illuvial luvic horizon (Bt) was clay-loamy (48.52%). pH (KCl) up to a 0.65 m depth was acid and active pH(H₂0) was neutral, pH of parent material was slightly alkalic. Organic carbon content was 1.91% for Au-horizon and 0.19% and 0.55% for subsoil horizons, respectively. A higher content of CaC0₃ was found only in parent material. The highest values of ZPC and delta p were determined for parent material (7.90 of pH units, or + 3.65 cmol (p⁺)/kg, where organic carbon content was low and CaC0₃ content was high. The maximum values of psi o were in humus horizon (Au) 35.99 mV. delta pH values have confirmed that the soil studied contains sorbents with variable parameters.

Key words: zero point of charge, clay minerals, potentiometric titrations


Adress: Ing. Juraj Chlpík, PhD., Katedra pedológie a geológie, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-37-6508 397, e-mail:Juraj.Chlpik@uniag.sk

The Infestation of Triticale With Fungal Diseases in Different Growing Systems

Tibor ROHÁČIK, Kamil HUDEC, Renáta KULICHOVÁ   (Select, Research and Breeding Institute, Bucany)
Paper is in Slovak
(4 tab., 2 ill., 22 ref)

    The natural occurrence of a fungal disease on triticale was evaluated in the agroecological conditions of Nitra (Malanta, south-west Slovakia). The cultivars Kolor and Presto were tested, using a different account of seeds per hectare (2.5, 4.5 and 5 millions). Evaluation was made in the growth stages DC13, DC29 and DC93. The pathogens Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton were detected on the bases of stems, roots and leaf sheaths, Fusarium spp. being prevalent in all growth stages. The cultivar Presto was found to be more sensitive to diseases. The infestation with pathogens caused a reduction in the number and weight of grains per ear and the weight of a thousand grains. A higher damage to both cultivars by pathogens occurred in the plots where a larger number of seeds per hectare was sown.

Key words: triticale, diseases, cultivars, seeding rate


Adress: Ing. Kamil Hudec, PhD., Katedra ochrany rastlín, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, tel. +421-37-6508 250, e-mail:Kamil.Hudec@uniag.sk

Chosen Biochemical Blood Serum Parameters of Female Nutrias in the Dependence on Age

Imrich TOČKA, Karin SUVEGOVÁ, Dušan MERTIN, Ján KYSELOVIČ, Pavol FĽAK, Jana HANUSOVÁ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(2 tables, 13 ref.)

    The blood serum of young (6-8 months old) and older (2-4 years old), clinically healthy female standard nutrias from a private herd was analysed for selected biochemical parameters. The blood serum of female nutrias contained totally 4.59+-0.18 mmol/L urea, 45.38+-0.73 g/L total proteins, 1.13+-0.04 mmol/L triglycerides, 2.11+-0.04 mmol/L total phosphorus, 92.96+-1.36 mmol/L chlorides, 0.53+-0.01 microKat/L ALT, and 0.65+-0.01 microKat/L AST. Significant differences (P less than 0.01) were found in the concentration of urea depending on the age of animals. The concentration of total proteins in older females was 42.31+-0.76 g/L, whilst in young ones it was up to 47.03+-0.91. Differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.01 ). The correlations manifested themselves more markedly in older females, as compared with young ones. There was a very strong correlation in the relation of ALT to AST (0.7457++).

Key words: nutria, blood serum, urea, total proteins, triglycerides, ALT, AST, total phospohorus, chlorides


Adress: doc. Ing. Imrich Točka, Katedra hydinárstva a malých HZ, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic

The Microflora Changes of Raw Cow Milk During its Refrigerated Storage

Margita ČANIGOVÁ, Emília BENCZOVÁ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(2 tab., 2 ill., 20 ref.)

    The microflora changes in tank milk and bulk milk samples before and after storage at the temperature of 6 ± 1 °C for 48 h were investigated. The significant increase (P less than 0.001 ) in mesophilic microorganism count (CPM) and psychrotrophic microorganism count (PS) was found in both types of samples during milk storage. Psychrotrophic microflora became predominant in milk after storage and reached up to 100 % of the mesophilic microorganism count. Various milk defects can occur because of proteolytic and lipolytic activity of psychrotrophic bacteria. Close correlations were observed between the groups CPM and P5 in milk before and after storage.

Key words: milk, cooling, mesophilic bacteria, phychrotrophic bacteria


Adress: Ing. Margita Čanigová, CSc., Katedra hodnotenia a spracovania živočíšnych produktov, Agronomická fakulta, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, e-mail:canigova@post.sk

The Genetic Polymorphism of Proteins in Egg Yolk and White of Japanese Quail Meat Lines

Margita RYBANSKÁ, Július ŽITNÝ   (Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra)
Paper is in Slovak
(2 tab., 1 ill., 9 ref.)

    Genetic polymorphism of egg yolk and egg white proteins was studíed in Japanese quail using the meat lines 08-S3 and 09-K3 of F10 generation and OS-S5 and 09-K5 of F11 generation. A group of 154 birds of each line was tested by starch gel electrophoresis. In both the tested lines of F10 generation, genotypes AB were found in 33.3% , genotypes BB in 63.3% and genotypes AA in 3.4% of birds. Only one combination of genotypes AB was determined in albumin polymorphism in all of the F11 generation samples (meat lines 08-S5 and 09-K5). In the transferrin system, the distribution of genotypes AB (n=6), genotypes BB (n=4) and genotypes BC (n=20) was observed in F10 geneartion (meat lines 08-S3 and 09-K3). In each sample analysed of the F11 generation was detected monomorphous genetic combinatíon of genotypes BC. Three genotypic combinations were found in the locus of ovoglobulins G2 in egg white (lines 08-S3 a 09-K3) of F10 generation: genotype AA (n=1), genotype AB (n=7) and genotype BB (n=22). In F11 generation, genotypes AB a BB of G2 ovoglobulins were detected. At the same time, genotypes AA and AB of ovoglobulins G3 in egg white were found both in F1o and F11 generations of Japanese quail meat lines.

Key words: Japanese quail, egg yolk, egg white, albumin polymorphism, transferrin polymorphism, polymorphism of ovoglibulines G2 and G3


Adress: doc. Ing. Margita Rybanská, CSc., Katedra genetiky a plemenárskej biológie, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, e-mail:Margita.Rybanska@uniag.sk